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常见的畸形有那些？

2009-03-31 17:55:00海峡名医网admin查看次数：965

　　错颌畸形是指牙齿的排列位置和咬合关系的异常

　　常见的错颌畸形可以分为个别牙齿错位一颗或多颗牙齿在牙列中的位置不正如牙齿倾斜歪倒扭转等

　　牙列形态和牙齿排列异常如牙弓过窄牙齿排列拥挤等

　　上下牙弓之间咬合关系异常常见的有反颌俗称“地包天”上牙前突俗称“龇牙”前牙开颌上下牙不能咬合接触深覆合上下牙咬合时上牙遮盖下牙过多深覆盖上下牙咬合时上牙过分前倾等

　　不同的错颌畸形进行矫正的最佳年龄也不相同在乳牙期3～5岁和替牙期6～12岁一般的错颌畸形如个别牙齿错位不要立即矫治应当继续观察和纠正口腔不良习惯因为在这个时期牙颌正处于调整时期随着不良习惯的纠正错颌畸形常可以部分自行纠正这时的生长发育速度很快不适当的矫治力会影响发育但是对于严重妨碍生长富裕的错颌畸形则需要进行初步矫治如乳牙反颌会妨碍上颌骨的发育影响面部的外形应当及早治疗如果孩子配合在3～5岁都可以矫治大多数的错颌畸形要等到牙齿替换完成的恒牙期大约12岁左右才进行矫治因为这时恒牙牙根逐渐发育完成上下牙齿间的咬合关系也调整完成可以对错颌畸形的类型做出明确诊断并采取相应的矫治方法矫治完成后容易保持稳定的效果不会有大的变化从理论上将儿童矫治错颌畸形的最佳年龄是在儿童能够的生长发育高峰期男孩在12～14岁女孩在11～13岁但是每个儿童的生长发育有个体差异不能一概而论在生长发育高峰期进行矫治疗程短效果好如果错过这个时期如15～17岁仍处于青少年期生长发育仍然比较活跃

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常见的畸形有那些？

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